
a hanko
Unlike in Western countries, a signature is not legally binding in Japan. Withdrawal slips at banks, appications to government offices and all kinds of formal documents are stamped with a hanko (also called inkan) or seal, after the person’s name.
Hanko are made of wood, ivory, bone, crystal, stone or other material and are carved with the owner’s family name.
They are usually with a red inked pad. Provided a document is correctly stamped, it is still legal even if someone else has written the name of the owner of the hanko.


Although there is generally no tipping in Japan, some people do give the attendants or cooks some money as a sign of appreciation when staying in the traditional Japanese inns known as ryokan or at traditional restaurants. This money, known as kokorozuke, is usually placed in special envelopes which can be purchased at a stationer’s rather than being handed over unvrapped.